Everything about Alfonso Ugarte totally explained
Alfonso Ugarte (
July 13,
1847 -
June 7,
1880) was a
Peruvian military commander during the
War of the Pacific, between Peru and
Bolivia against
Chile. He ultimately rose to the rank of
Colonel.
Ugarte was born in
Tarapacá,
Peru, the son of the rich tarapaqueños retailers Don Narciso Ugarte and Doña Rosa Vernal. At an early age, he was sent by his parents to the
Chilean port of
Valparaiso where he was educated, finishing his studies in 1868. On his return to Peru, he settled in
Iquique, where he administered the family business. He was elected City Mayor in 1876.
At the beginning of the
War of the Pacific, Ugarte was about to leave the country for a business trip to Europe, but instead he decided to stay in order to organize a battalion using his own money. This unit was recruited from the workers and craftsmen of
Iquique. It was named
"Battalion Iquique N° 1", and it consisted of 429 enlisted men and 36 officers.
He fought at the
Battle of Tarapacá, where he was injured. The Peruvian forces retreated following this battle, and merged with the Army of the South, commanded by Major General Juan Buendía; the combined force marched from
Tarapaca to
Arica.
Ugarte was head of the
Eighth Division in the defense of the city of
Arica. In Arica, he participated in the two military councils held by Colonel
Francisco Bolognesi, where the agreement was made to defend the bastion "until burning the last round".
Ugarte died fighting at
Arica. Ugarte rode his horse over the cliff in order to prevent the Peruvian flag, which he was carrying, from being captured by the Chilean troops.
Ugarte is today considered a Peruvian national hero.
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